Geothermal Heating and Cooling Technology Information

Geothermal heat pumps are durable and requirepassed in October 2008, a residentialsystem
little maintenance. They have fewer mechanicalinstalled and placed in service anytime between
components than other systems, and most ofJanuary 1, 2008 and December
those components are underground, sheltered31, 2016 was eligible for a tax credit equal to 30
from the weather. The underground piping used in% of the installed cost of the system upto a cap
the system is often guaranteed to last 25 to 50of $2000 for a single residence.
years and is virtually worry-free. The componentsThe Stimulus Bill signed recently by President
inside the house are small and easily accessible forObama improves that tax credit.
maintenance. Warm and cool air is distributedSpecifically, systems placed in service after
through ductwork, just as in a regular forced-airJanuary 1, 2009 are no longer subject to thecaps.
system.As a result, an installed system now is eligible for
Since geothermal systems have no outsidea 30% tax credit of the totalinstalled cost of the
condensing units like air conditioners, they aresystem. In addition, if the taxpayer can’t use
quieter to operate.the credit in the yearthe system is installed, he or
How Do They Work?she can carry any unused credit into the next tax
Remember, a geothermal heat pump doesn'tyear.
create heat by burning fuel, like a furnace does.Some key dates to keep in mind:
Instead, in winter it collects the Earth's natural• If you installed a system and placed it “in
heat through a series of pipes, called a loop,service” anytime in 2008, youare entitled to a
installed below the surface of the ground ortax credit equal to 30% of the cost of the
submersed in a pond or lake. Fluid circulatessystem subjectto a cap of $2000 for a single
through the loop and carries the heat to thefamily.
house. There, an electrically driven compressor• 2009 installations are not subject to the cap.
and a heat exchanger concentrate the Earth'sOther provisions of the residential credit remain
energy and release it inside the home at a higherthe same:
temperature. Ductwork distributes the heat to1. The system must meet Energy Star
different rooms.requirements in effect at the time thesystem is
In summer, the process is reversed. Thecompleted.
underground loop draws excess heat from the2. The system must be in the taxpayer’s
house and allows it to be absorbed by the Earth.residence but is not limited to theprimary
The system cools your home in the same wayresidence.
that a refrigerator keeps your food cool - by3. There are no specific requirements for the
drawing heat from the interior, not by blowing ininvoice. However, it will behelpful if the invoice
cold air.states "Geothermal Heat Pump" and that it
The geothermal loop that is buried underground is"Exceedsrequirements of Energy Star program
typically made of high-density polyethylene, acurrently in effect" on it.
tough plastic that is extraordinarily durable but4. The taxpayer has to file the Form 5695 to
which allows heat to pass through efficiently.receive the credit.
When installers connect sections of pipe, theyThere is a special rule for Condos;
heat fuse the joints, making the connectionsIn a typical condo, the owners contribute to the
stronger than the pipe itself. The fluid in the loopupkeep by paying money to acondominium
is water or an environmentally safe antifreezemanagement association. If the association puts in
solution that circulates through the pipes in aqualifying equipment,each member of the
closed system.association can claim the residential tax credits on
Another type of geothermal system uses a loophis or her taxesfor his or her share of the
of copper piping placed underground. Whenspending. The condo has to be "substantially used
refrigerant is pumped through the loop, heat isasresidences."
transferred directly through the copper to theLast, in most cases, a condo association is not a
earth.taxable entity. The individual unitholders would be
 the ones that can benefit from a tax credit.
  
As with any heat pump, geothermal andGeothermal Tax Credits
water-source heat pumps are able to heat, cool,An exciting new tax credit is now available for
and, if so equipped, supply the house with hothome and commercial building owners who install
water. Some models of geothermal systems aregeothermal heating and cooling systems through
available with two-speed compressors and variablethe Energy Improvement and Extension Act of
fans for more comfort and energy savings.2008 (H.R. 1424). H.R. 1424 offers a onetime tax
Relative to air-source heat pumps, they arecredit of 30% of the total investment for
quieter, last longer, need little maintenance, and dohomeowners who install residential ground loop or
not depend on the temperature of the outside air.ground water geothermal heat pumps.. A credit of
US Department of Energy 10% of the total investment is also available (no
Residential Geothermal Tax Incentivesmaximum) for a commercial system installation.
30% of total GHP system costTo qualify, the systems must meet or exceed
Credit limited to $2000 for 2008EnergyStar requirements and be installed after
No limit to credit amount for 2009 to 2016December 31, 2007. While units installed in 2008
Can be used to offset AMT taxare subject to a $2,000 cap on the credit, units
Can be combined with solar and wind tax creditsinstalled from 2009 through 2016 can take
Can be used in more than one yearadvantage of the full credit. Owners can file for
Eligibility:the credit by completing the Renewable Energy
Home must be located in the U.S.Credits subsection on their tax return forms for
Includes houses, apartments, condos, mobile2008. For taxpayers that are subject to the
homesAlternative Minimum Tax, they can claim the
Does not have to be your main homecredit on their taxes for the following year. No
GHP must meet Energy Star requirementsproof of purchase will be required; however, in
Installed between 1/1/2008 and 12/31/2016case of an audit, owners are encouraged to keep
 a detailed invoice of their purchase on file. The
 contractor who sold and installed the product
Commercial Geothermal Tax Incentivesshould list the purchase as a "Geothermal Heat
10% of total GHP system costPump" on the invoice and that it "Exceeds
No limit to total credit amountrequirements of Energy Star program currently in
Can be used to offset AMT taxeffect".
Can be combined with solar and wind tax creditsThe tax credit is available through December 31,
Can be used in more than one year2016. Consult your local tax professional for
10% grant available in lieu of tax creditadvice on taking advantage of the tax credit, as
Accelerated Depreciation:this announcement is not intended as a
5 year MACR depreciation for entire GHP systemrecommendation or endorsement of any financial
Eligible for 50% first-year bonus depreciation forstrategy.
2008 - 2009Download the brochure: Understanding the Federal
Eligibility:Tax Incentives
Building located in U.S.Helpful Resources
Original use begins with taxpayer- Excerpt from the Energy Improvement and
Installed between 10/3/2008 and 12/31/2016Extension Act pertaining to geothermal.
 - IRS Form 5695*: Residential Energy Efficient
 Property Credit
 - More Information about the "Residential
Recent Congressional legislation has improved theRenewable Energy Tax Credit"
tax credit for installation of residentialheat pumps.- Find additional tax incentives that may be
With the new laws, a residential customer whoavailable in your state -
installs a residentialgeothermal heat pump may beConsult your tax professional for details.
eligible for a tax credit of 30% of the installed*Form 5695 for the 2009 tax year are not yet
cost of thesystem, no cap.available.
As part of the economic rescue bill (HR 1424)